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ñ÷ March òôöñ the birth of “Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya”
Pat Thangpan
Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya province has been the ancient city for more than 600 years. Its name was call differently in each period and understanding of people who call. As appeared its name in the stone inscription “Ayothaya Si Rammathepnakorn”, this is the name which is related to Phra Ram in Ramayana scripture of ancient India. It possibly means the city of Phra Ram. This is the name before the king Ramathibodi I (Uthong) found the new capital city which is called “Krunthepmahanakorn Boworntharawadee Si Ayutthaya” or Krungthep Tharavade.
the name of Ayutthaya has been called differently as well. for example, it appeared inannals of Lung Prasert Aksornnithi, which was written in the end of Ayutthaya period that “in the era 712, the date of öÏöõ at 3 am, nine lines, it firstly found Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya” and also appeared in the record of La Rou Bear, France diplomacy who come to build relationship with Krung Si Ayutthaya in the period of King Narai that “for Siam, Siam people called Si Yo Thi Ya and some time called CRUNG-THÉ-PAPRÀ-MAHA-NACÔN.”
in the world map which the writer was not related to Ayutthaya, so the name of Krung Si Ayutthaya was called differently. The first world map written in the period of Phra Borommatrilokkanart called SCIERNO which pronounced in Italian from SHAHRINAU. In Arab, it means new city. Further, the name of Ayutthaya appeared in many map of each period such as ODIA (King Chairaja) UDIA (King Phrama Jakkrapat) IUDIA, AJOTHIA (Phra Chao Prasart thong) IUCIAD, JUDIA, AIOTHIA (Phra Narai) IUDTJA (Phra Patraja)
When Krung Si Ayutthaya fell and ended the great capital in 2310 B.C. From the 2nd loss of Ayutthaya and later established new Ayutthaya at Bangkok in the name of Thonburi and Bangkok, respectively, Ayutthaya was later called “Krung Kao”. In the annals of Lung Nakarinthornthevee who was the half sister of King Phra Buddha yodfah Chulalok and in the annal of king Rama III, it appeared the name of Ayutthaya as “Krung Kao”.
In 2437, the king Phra Jullajomklao Chaoyouhua has reforemed the provincial administration to municipality precint by established “Krung Kao precint” in 2438 and the office of precint was in Chan Palace, Krung Kao.
“Krung Kao” was used in government service until in the period of Rattanakosin and it was widely used as well. However, foreigners who stayed in Thailand preferred calling it “Krung Kao” as ever. According to the period of the Buddhist supreme patriarch of the Buddhist priest named Pallekua in the reign of king Rama III and the record of Herbert Warington Smith, the former president of geology department in the reign of king Rama V, has mentioned the name of “Ayutthaya or Krung Kao”. To pronounce “Ayutthaya” prior to “Krung Kao” showed foreigners from both countries preferred to call Ayutthaya more than Krung Kao. Also, Karl Block, Norway naturalist in the reign of king Rama V called “Ayutthaya” as well.
The name of Ayutthaya was called two names, Thai people called “Krung Kao” and foreigners called “Ayutthaya”. In the reign of king Rama VI, Krung Kao railway station has changed the name to “Ayutthaya Station”. For this reason, Phraya Boran Ratchathanin, wrotew in the report of government service of Krung Kao that “the name of this province was officially called Krung Kao but foreigners still called Ayutthaya as ever”. Phraya Boran Ratchathanin requested to the king to reconsider the use of the name of Ayutthaya.
The king Mongkutkao Chaoyouhua had the command to Phraya Boran Ratchathanin on 17 March 2461 B.C. that “in case of Krung Kao’ name, it should be used for precint as “Ayutthaya precinct” and for the province used “Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya province”.
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References :
Srisak Wanripodom. (òõôñ). Our Ayutthaya kingdom. Printed 2. Bangkok: Cultural Art.
Boran Rajathanin, Phraya. (òõóù). Krung Kao. In Prachum Pongsawadarn Kanjanapisek 5. Literature and History Department, Fine Arts Department. Bangkok: Department of Literature and History
Krung Kao annals of Luang Prasert. (òõóù). In Prachum Pongsawadarn Kanjanapisek 1. Literature and History Department, Fine Arts Department. Bangkok: Department of Literature and History
La Lou Bae Der (òõôø). Annals of La Lou Bea, Kingdom of Siam . translated by San To. Komonbut Nonthaburi: Sripanya
Tawatchai Tangsiriwanich. (òõôù). Ayuthaya kingdom on the map of France. Bangkok: Matichon.
Parn Lur Guar, Chong Pepthit . (òõôù). Telling the story of Siam. translated by San To. Komonbut Nonthaburi: Sripanya
Smith, Herberth Warington . (òõôô). Five years in Siam. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department
Sathien Pantarungsi. (òõõð). Siam Local in the period of Phra Phutthachaoluang. Bangkok: Matichon
Boran Rajathanin, Phraya. (òõò÷). The story of Ayutthaya. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department.
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