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·ÕèÁÒ : ÍÂظÂÒ Discovering Ayutthaya ˹éÒ 62-65
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ÃÙ»ÀҾẺ¨ÓÅͧ¾ÃзÕè¹Ñ觨ҡ :
˹ѧÊ×Í Ayutthaya World Heritage
ÃÙ»ÀҾẺ¨ÓÅͧ¾ÃзÕè¹Ñè§(à¤Å×è͹äËÇ) ¨Ò¡ :
ʶҺѹÍÂظÂÒÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÃÒªÀѯ¾Ãй¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂظÂÒ
Wat Thammikarat
Wat Thammikarat is located in the east adjoined the Ancient Palace city walls, but separated by a road. The temple turns its face to the east, and turns its back to the west or the front of the Royal Palace.
The Buddha image’s head made of archaic
A big Buddha image’s head made of archaic (1.40 meters wide and 1.80 meters high) was moved from the temple and displayed on the first floor of Chao Sam Phraya National Museum. He was indicated to be in U-thong or early Ayutthaya artistic style due to his rather squared face like that of Khmer architecture, including the legend saying about Phraya Thammikarat, King Sainampheung’s son and the builder of the temple. Later this temple was named “Thammikarat” in the name of the King who built the temple. From the two reasons mentioned, this temple should have been built before the reign of King U-thong, the founder of Krung si Ayutthaya.
The important building in Wat Thammikarat was Wihan Luang (The Grand Wihan) in the size of 11 rooms (19 x 53 meters). A big Buddha image made of archaic was situated in the wihan, the one only the head left and kept at the museum. The temple walls were punched holes to receive sunlight like those of Wat Na Phra Mane, and the big pillars used to support the roof are still left. This wihan was surrounded by a wall (33 x 80 meters). Due to the fact that this temple was very big, and it was located in front of the Royal palace; it was called “Phra Wihan Songtham (The wihan for doing royal merit).
The stupa in the form of overturned bell surrounded by models of lions
In front of Wihan Luang, there was a stupa in the form of overturned bell, but the top half of it was damaged. Models of standing lions made of mortar in Khmer artistic style surrounded the stupa. It is possible that the stupa might have been built in the reign of King Prasat Thong which Khmer artistic style was favorite.
Additionally, two big buildings were constructed on both sides of Wihan Luang. The big base indicates a big wihan in the north and the Ubosot was in the south. The big building might be built in early Rattanakosin (Bangkok) period.
North of the temple near the stupa, there was a wihan for a reclining Buddha image or called in Thai “Phra Buddha Saiyad” in the size of 12 meters long. The image turned his face to the north, and his feet palms were carved with auspicious marks covered with gold leaves and decorated with pieces of glass. This wihan was renovated by the government led by Field Marchal Por Piboonsongkhram in 1956. After the renovation, there were monks staying in the temple after it had been deserted for a long time after Ayutthaya was completely destroyed.
The foundation revealing the importance of this temple was not only from its big size, but also from the location revealed since the late Ayutthaya period. After King Boromakot died in 1758, his sons became rivals and fought for the throne. Heads of the Buddhist monks from 5 important temples in Ayutthaya tried to talk the princes into friendly agreement and raised Prince Uthumphon to be king. One of the heads of monks was Phra Thammakhodom from Wat Thammikarat (The other four are: Phra Thammachedi from Wat Suanluang Sobsawan, Phra Buddha Kosajan from Wat Buddhai Sawan, Phra Thepmunee from Wat Kudeedao and Phra Thepkrawee from Wat Ramawat).
References
Kasetsiri, Chanwit, editor. (n.d.). Discovering Ayutthaya. pp. 62-65.
Pictures modeling the royal buildings were from: Ayutthaya World Heritage.
Moving pictures modeling the royal buildings were from: Ayutthaya Study Institute,
Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University.
